KANSAS
CITY, Mo. - Jon Zehnder, 54, knows he's a curiosity
because, as his bumper sticker says, "I drive
55."
"I
like to drive fast, but I'm old enough to remember the
energy crisis in the 1970s," said Zehnder, a
social worker who lives in Lindsborg, Kan.
"And," he added with a laugh, "I'm
saving a butt load on gas."
But
even in a time of $4-a-gallon gas, the slow lane is
lonely these days.
For all
the griping about spiking gas prices, there's no
clamor for the return of the little-lamented 55 mph
speed limit of the '70s and '80s - though most agree
it reduces consumption and saves money.
"It's
not that people haven't thought of it - just no one is
even close to discussing implementing it," said
Therese Langer, speaking for the American Council for
an Energy Efficient Economy. "It's not high on
anyone's list."
The
U.S. Department of Energy estimates that the cost of
driving rises faster above 60 mph - adding nearly 20
cents per gallon for each additional 5 mph. The
Alliance to Save Energy in Washington estimates that
restricting speeds to 55 mph could reduce the use of
oil imported from the Persian Gulf by up to 20 percent
a day.
Even
so, "there doesn't appear to be any eagerness on
Capitol Hill to revisit the issue," said Ronnie
Kweller of the alliance.
No,
indeed. Paul Hesse, a spokesman for the U.S. Energy
Information Administration, said his agency willingly
would analyze the value of a 55 mph speed limit if
asked by a member of Congress. No one has asked.
In
truth, the situation today is different, said Mike
Right, spokesman for AAA. In the 1970s the crisis
turned on shortages caused by the oil embargo and
turbulence in Iran. Today, there are no shortages.
Instead, Asian demand is causing prices to skyrocket.
"Back
in the '70s people were fearful they would get to a
strange area, there wouldn't be any gas, and they'd be
stranded," Right said. In contrast, today, higher
prices seem more an irritant to commuters with busy
lifestyles who want to arrive at work or play as fast
as their wheels can take them.
"I
don't think the public is ready for those kinds of
regulations imposed on their daily lives today,"
Right said.
In the
1970s, life was slower. There were fewer interstates.
In metro areas, people lived closer in, and most
didn't care if their cars got only 14 miles to the
gallon. After all, gas cost less than 40 cents a
gallon.
But
then the Arab-Israeli conflict triggered the Arab oil
embargo. World crude prices quadrupled (to $12 a
barrel). Gas at the pump shot up to 55 cents per
gallon.
When
the shortages occurred, the government contributed to
the long lines at the pump by reallocating supplies.
"That
created a lot of problems," said American
Petroleum Institute economist Ron Planting. "It's
very hard for someone in Washington to figure out how
much fuel every station in the country needs."
Many
Americans recall rationing based on whether a license
plate ended in an odd or an even number.
But the
most unpopular measure: Congress and President Richard
Nixon imposed the 55 mph speed limit and made its
adoption in every state a condition for highway
funding.
TV ads
warned: "Don't Be Fuelish." But many
consumers simply ignored the law. Singer Sammy Hagar
had a hit single with "I Can't Drive 55."
In 1987
and 1988, Congress allowed states to raise speed
limits to 65 mph on certain highways. And in 1995 the
law was repealed. How much was saved has long been a
matter of debate. But the episode raised awareness, at
least temporarily.
Congress
pressed automakers to increase fuel efficiency, and
the average mileage nearly doubled, to 27.5 miles a
gallon by 1987. Automakers also began to experiment
with hybrids.
Even
so, Americans fell in love with sport utility vehicles
and big trucks - and fuel efficiency took a back seat
again.
Howard
Dickinson, a spokesman for Kansas Highway Patrol Troop
A in Olathe, Kan., outside Kansas City, said troopers
have not seen a whit of change in how fast people
drive - nor in the number of tickets handed out.
"There's
no slow up there," Dickinson said, laughing.
"When
cars started getting better gas mileage, we just built
bigger cars," he said, adding, "People are
still in a hurry - but the only reason they'd slow
down again is if we lowered the speed limit
again."
But if
that's going to happen, it appears it will happen only
voluntarily. Some strides are already being made.
Earlier
this month trucking giant Schneider National Inc.
capped its drivers at 60 mph, saving an estimated 3.8
million gallons of diesel fuel a year.
The
American Trucking Association has called on other
members to do the same.
Recently
a broad mix of business and consumer groups launched
the Drive Smarter Challenge campaign, urging Americans
to adopt more efficient driving habits. The diverse
membership includes the Alliance of Automobile
Manufacturers, Exxon Mobil Corp., the Wal-Mart
Foundation and the Natural Resources Defense Council.
Their
Web site, www.drivesmarterchallenge.org, helps
estimate the annual savings of using fuel-efficient
practices.
"I'm
not sure whether most people make the connection
between how fast they drive and how much fuel they
use," said Deron Lovaas, the group's vehicle
director.
One
person making that connection is Tim Castleman of
Sacramento, Calif., who in 2002 started
www.drive55.org, a Web site devoted specifically to
the merits of slowing down. At first the site got only
a trickle of curious visitors. Since the surge in gas
prices, page hits have soared to more than 1,000 a
day. Castleman said some visitors send him hateful
e-mail. But others post favorable responses or buy a
pro-55 bumper sticker.
"I
think we all have memories of when the speed limit was
55," said the retired heating and
air-conditioning contractor. "Some hated it then,
and they hate it now.
"What
we're trying to do," Castleman said, "is
avoid mandates and get a voluntary victory garden
thing going. We're all concerned about what's
happening at the pump."